How to Prepare for Surgery: Important Precautions Before the Procedure

Receiving the news that surgery will be necessary often generates doubts and anxiety. It's normal to want to understand how to best prepare for everything to go smoothly. With this in mind, I've prepared this guide with the main preoperative guidelines I give my patients before orthopedic procedures.

Following these recommendations correctly is essential to ensure safety during surgery and a smoother recovery.

Adjustment in Medication Use

Some medications interfere with clotting or metabolism and need to be discontinued before surgery. The most common include anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemic agents (antidiabetics), and weight-loss medications such as semaglutide (Ozempic®, Wegovy®) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro®).

The discontinuation period varies between one and 21 days before surgery, depending on the type of medication. Therefore, always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking during preoperative consultations, including herbal remedies and supplements. Do not discontinue any medication on your own before surgery.

General Care Before Surgery

Some simple precautions can make a difference in the safety of the procedure:

• Avoid smoking for 24 hours before surgery;

• Fast for 8 hours, including water;

• Remove nail polish, especially dark ones;

• Remove body jewelry (piercings, earrings, rings, bracelets, etc.);

• Do not shave the area to be operated on;

• Wash your hair before the procedure and keep it clean and dry on the day of surgery (no gel, ointment, or mousse);

• Arrive at the hospital early — ideally 3 hours before the scheduled time, accompanied by a family member.

These measures help reduce the risk of infection, interference with monitoring equipment, and delays in the procedure.

What about Continuous Use Medications?

Medications such as those for blood pressure or thyroid should generally be continued, but always under medical supervision.

If you need to take them during the fasting period, use only the minimum amount of water necessary to swallow the pills.

On the Day of Surgery

On the day of the procedure, strictly follow the guidelines for fasting, hygiene, and medication use. Avoid using creams, perfumes, or body cosmetics. Arrive calmly, bringing your documents, exam papers, and medical authorizations.

By following these recommendations, you will be contributing to a safer surgery and a postoperative period with fewer complications. If you have any questions, contact the medical team. No question is irrelevant when it comes to your health.